Saturday, November 27, 2010
Kintai Bridge Iwakuni
Imagine this wooden pedestrian bridge in Iwakuni, Japan, is surrounded by blooming cherry trees. Now try to imagine how this bridge was built in 1673 AD without a single nail. At that time the only samurai were allowed people to cross over Kintai bridge. Well, for a small fee, anyone can.
Engineering Wonders: Moai stone statues on Easter Island
The islanders call Moai, but otherwise little is known about these massive carved heads that the outer slopes of Easter Island, known rim. The moai with their backs to the sea and are, as the ancestors of today's inhabitants of Rapa Nui. It is estimated that these heads back to 1000 BC date.
Engineering wonder: the "Wedded Rocks'
The "Wedded Rocks" (Meoto-IWA) or "husband and wife Rocks" are named after two Japanese Shinto deities Izanagi and Izanami. On behalf of their permanent union is a heavy rope of rice straw or shimenawa that connects them. Like many couples, they have weathered their share of storms. Together, they sit in the sea near the coast of Ise, Japan.
Friday, November 26, 2010
Reasons to Love and Hate Facebook
Why I love Facebook
It's funny: I have some strange friends. These strange friends often strange things on the Internet, then post them on Facebook. It is usually a comment, video or news article. Now, thanks to my friends on Facebook the common things that makes her laugh, I get a good laugh too.
It keeps us at: Facebook has for us in contact with each other on a larger scale and more convenient than ever to stay before. Orphans are looking for their birth parents, high school flames reunited, one-night stands from that bachelor party in Las Vegas have come back with a baby in her arms, and so on. But the best part is you can stay in touch with friends from your past.
Chat: I remember how easy it was for AOL Instant Messenger me, girl to ask the 5th Class. Much has changed since my youth and I ask now with Facebook Chat for girls. It is a simple, fast and convenient way, with friends, to be online to happen while you talk.
First Creepy: I'm a joke, but not really. Let me explain: Facebook is ideal for scoping the scene. " There is no such thing as a blind date when you can see more photos and learn their interests, work history, women's, and even favorite books before. It is also a good way to remember a friend's birthday or stalk your exes with no break-in.
Photographs: This is my number one reason why I love Facebook. Many Facebook users upload photos, as it is their job. Whether the recent backpacking through Europe or the best friends wedding, you give him a week and see the photos of him. Tell your friends 'tag' up and photos from a set of quality, perspectives and points of view begins to pour in. It's the easiest way to receive and post photos online.
Business: As the largest social networking website in the world, it is no surprise why Facebook is good for business. To succeed in today's business world economy, is social networking software. If you own a small business, or trying to promote a new product, Facebook is a great way to get the word out to develop a following, keep your customers connected and better your business.
Nostalgia: Facebook is an online library of your photos and friends. Reliving can bring back old memories with old friends or contacting some warm fuzzy feeling.
Strange status updates, I'd much rather hear a strange status update as follows: "in my car on the way to work and farted almost lost my breakfast" as a sad or mundane update on what you ate for breakfast.
* 50 Funny Facebook Status Ideas
I must admit, to my eternal shame, I actually sat in front of Facebook, and spent a good five minutes trying to say something funny to think ..... and then failed miserably, so turned to Google ...
* Funny Facebook status updates (Rated R)
Looking for something sharp and witty update on your Facebook status post? Then look no further! A growing list of funny and sometimes rude quotes that your friends nod their heads (or maybe shakes his head in disgust) will have.
* MySpace vs Facebook
Most people who are active on social networking sites have a profile on both MySpace and Facebook. But although on both sides, each user has almost always been partial to one side over the other ....
* Many Reasons Love Facebook
This hub is only for people who love facebook, if you hate it do not want to comment on. Thanks. Facebook, I love, and is one of the best locations in addition to Twitter and MySpace. The very mention of his ...
Humurous list of 25 reasons to hate Facebook
Facebook gear
I Just Your Mom T-Shirt Facebooked, Funny Women's Shirts (available in many colors) I Just Your Mom T-Shirt Facebooked, Funny Ladies shirts (many colors available)
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I Just Your Mom T-shirt, MILF, Cougar Hunter Women's Funny Tees (available in many colors) I Just Your Mom T-shirt, MILF, Cougar Hunter Women's Funny Tees (many colors available) Facebooked Facebooked
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I Facebook therefore I am - Funny Bumper Stickers (Medium 10x2.8 in.) I am a Facebook so I - funny bumper stickers (Medium 10x2.8 in.)
Amazon Price: $ 2.95
* Some criticism of Facebook
Why I Hate Facebook
Emotional Status Updates: If you update your status, I prefer either insightful, funny, useful or as I mentioned earlier, straight up would be strange. If you like fishing for compliments with updates to "feel fat, in the gym, or seeking help with" Life Sucks now, "then please go elsewhere. They are fat and not life suck.
It's addictive: nicotine, alcohol, heroin, Facebook ... the same. If you feel like Facebook have been under a frozen lake caught without a hole for the air, you could become addicted. In a generation marked by shorter attention span, Mark Zuckerberg has a fast form of entertainment, where you and your friends are the subject provided. Now, with features such as Facebook mobile, you can be entertained at any time, anywhere.
There is a false sense of community Robin Dunbar, professor of psychology at the University of Liverpool States, "the lack of social contacts, lack of sense of community, the most pressing social problems of the new millennium." It is true the world would be a better place with a strong global sense of community. While this was one of the original intentions of Mr. Zuckerberg is with Facebook, it may be backfired. Yes, Facebook helps to create connections between people around the world, but it's still a much weaker bond than good-ol face-to-face communication.Mom and Dad are on Facebook: As a young adult, that the last thing you know Mom and Dad, is everything you up, complete with photos, to see and read comments. In the early years of Facebook was exclusively for students. Today, Grandma check register and what kind of machinations of her 16-year-old granddaughter up to. Uh oh grandma.
Compare and contrast: It is a terrible, but undeniable feature among modern humans. We are constantly evaluate and compare, and analyze themselves and each other. Facebook is a platform to do it for you. The struggle to "keep up" with the Jones' can be detrimental to your health mental and Facebook can easily facilitate the desire to do so. My only advice is to yourself and do your own thing. 100%
Waste of time: "Holy shit, I just got an hour on Facebook." I do not know how, but Mark Zuckerberg has discovered a time warp. Facebook has the ability to suck hours from our potentially productive day, without our noticing it. I think our time indoors and online should be limited, and increased our free time outside and from our equipment.
The Facebook users to: Do you know who you are: lack of space the mini-feed with comments, stupid cat videos, status updates every hour on what you feel, and otherwise meaningless jabber. Have some respect. Do not do that.
Friend Suggestions: This is a relatively new and rather annoying feature. Facebook allows you to send or receive messages offer suggestions friend. Facebook also offers a tool who thinks a list of people it should be created with friends. Who are you, computer to tell me, friends? This is annoying, and what is more annoying is that it is not a physical, material beings, I say to guilt and / or piss off.
Loss of privacy: I know it's my fault. Everything you can on the Internet for, even on Facebook, may be accessed by anyone in the world. This is strange for me. In addition, people you have not seen for years know a lot about you: The last holiday that went on, who your friends how many tattoos, you will have a relationship, work experience, education, history and much more. Our life experiences and achievements ineffective if the entire internet world knows it? Is this real life? Where am I? Are you my father? Uhhhh ...
Groups, causes, and fan pages: Outside the world of Facebook, they have no meaning. None. If you join a cause on Facebook, this means you do nothing but sit in your chair and say you care with a "click". You will never cure cancer or save the seals from your laptop. In addition, participation in the group "If 1,000,000 people join this group, I am born to my first son Frankenstein name" is funny, I agree. But if I know personally to hang with Frankenstein, his coach t-ball team and then go for pizza, then I do not care. Name of the poor boy Timmy, so he would not grow up blame his failure on the fact that his dead parents named him head of Frankenstein.
Unknown friend requests: I do not understand. Not a random person on the street has ever approached me and asked me to be their friend. Why then this happens all the time on Facebook? If I'm not friends with you in real life, I will not be friends with you over the Internet.
Relationship status updates: It is a big step in the modern relationship. But today, the time, DTR (define the relationship) can come across a Facebook message. Be careful how you react. "Susan changed her relationship status: in a relationship with Jason." Meanwhile, Jason is not aware of. He is on Spring Break 2008, Downing blue Jello shots and making out with drunk girls on the dance floor of Senor Frogs in Cabo San Lucas. It is a beautiful thing ... a relationship, but the choice to update it on Facebook first could be a mistake if, without appropriate consent. "Susan changed their relationship status: It's complicated with Jason."
* Many reasons Hate Facebook
Facebook, I absolutely fucking despise is the whole idea of its existence, one that makes me sick to the stomach. The very mention of his name from someone, someone makes the first in the morning ...
* How a Facebook Friend Request Cancel
When researching this piece, I had absolutely no idea if you could have a Facebook friend request. The good news is that, although thousands have to believe you, you can not, I stumbled ...
* Facebook brings the worst in people
Hello Facebook users in the world. Id like to welcome you to my boss today where in my opinion, everyone's favorite little social networking site to go to talk. First off, I'm not a member of the ...
* Facebook addiction
It's a little ironic that when I finish this Hub I will probably post on my Facebook profile. This shows the hold that social networking on sites like Facebook and Twitter about us. We no longer have our ...
Domino chains
The fun with dominoes
Kids delight in simple things and you can not easily than with dominoes. My son can spend hours to spend time, has set up dominoes in the living room, with special care in lining up to them one after another in the hope that it all the region he calls presented in his head before he set out to do for his amazing Domino has completed chain. He has been a founding domino chains, since he 5 years old and he has experience how frustrating it can be when tilting the dominoes before he learned she was determined.
I'll build some amazing set ups that we have recorded on video. What usually takes hours to Constuct usually takes less than a minute to tip over in a chain reaction. The most exciting part of the observation dominoes will fall to see how they all go, because they correctly placed from each other. This is the secret in the building and it repels them. You have the room of the dominoes apart enough to go if you wanted to crash it would not be the whole chain knock down would still close enough apart that would be the chain of falling dominoes without falling interuption when the chain is started distance to fall.
In the exciting world of domino chains, there are literally no limits of what you can do, and it is to present some very exciting matches the imaginative and creative designs of chains that cover large distances and begin in several directions. Some of the most creative domino chains to other types of chains with branches are, at present several challenges and when you see everything happened as planned, it is really amazing and very captivating.
Engineers have been known to make the most imaginative of domino chains with tremendous precision that all the laws of nature, it makes testing the audience to see with wonder and delight. Engineers have chain reactions are created by machines or the domino chain of other types of chain reactions that include visual and other spectacular events in the chain.
Domino comes in all shapes, sizes and colors, but the one that my son is most like the typical Mexican Train Dominoes are quite hardy and come in standard white. To large chains, you need to make my son at least 500 dominoes you can have a fairly long chain, which can be arranged in so many different ways and with creative energies shows quite amazing, that are fun to see and knock down design.
The games we play as children usually stay with us in our memories and when we think back to that point, we can smile and remember the times and teach our children and share with them our experience and teaching them the fun games we played as children appreciate. I was also a fan of Domino chains and a game that required skill in balancing a steel marble called labrynth on a track. The joy of the dominoes can with children, parents and grandparents and divided, when all are together, the joy of a child and the domino chain, it is pure magic to experience.
I'll build some amazing set ups that we have recorded on video. What usually takes hours to Constuct usually takes less than a minute to tip over in a chain reaction. The most exciting part of the observation dominoes will fall to see how they all go, because they correctly placed from each other. This is the secret in the building and it repels them. You have the room of the dominoes apart enough to go if you wanted to crash it would not be the whole chain knock down would still close enough apart that would be the chain of falling dominoes without falling interuption when the chain is started distance to fall.
In the exciting world of domino chains, there are literally no limits of what you can do, and it is to present some very exciting matches the imaginative and creative designs of chains that cover large distances and begin in several directions. Some of the most creative domino chains to other types of chains with branches are, at present several challenges and when you see everything happened as planned, it is really amazing and very captivating.
Engineers have been known to make the most imaginative of domino chains with tremendous precision that all the laws of nature, it makes testing the audience to see with wonder and delight. Engineers have chain reactions are created by machines or the domino chain of other types of chain reactions that include visual and other spectacular events in the chain.
Domino comes in all shapes, sizes and colors, but the one that my son is most like the typical Mexican Train Dominoes are quite hardy and come in standard white. To large chains, you need to make my son at least 500 dominoes you can have a fairly long chain, which can be arranged in so many different ways and with creative energies shows quite amazing, that are fun to see and knock down design.
The games we play as children usually stay with us in our memories and when we think back to that point, we can smile and remember the times and teach our children and share with them our experience and teaching them the fun games we played as children appreciate. I was also a fan of Domino chains and a game that required skill in balancing a steel marble called labrynth on a track. The joy of the dominoes can with children, parents and grandparents and divided, when all are together, the joy of a child and the domino chain, it is pure magic to experience.
Chain reaction by engineers
Nature of the work on Engineering
Engineers apply the principles of science and mathematics to develop economical solutions to technical problems. Your work is fulfilling the link between scientific discoveries and commercial applications, the societal and consumer needs.
Many engineers develop new products. During the process, they will look at several factors. For example in the development of an industrial robot, engineers specify the functional requirements, design and testing of the robot components, integration of the components to produce the final design, and evaluate the design of the overall effectiveness, cost, reliability and security. This process applies to the development of many different products, such as chemicals, computers, engines, helicopters, and toys.
In addition to its participation in the design and development, many engineers work in testing, production or maintenance. These engineers supervise production in factories, determine the cause of a component failure, and test manufactured products to maintain quality. They also appreciate the time and cost required to complete projects. Supervisory engineers are responsible for major components or entire projects. (See the statement on engineering and natural sciences managers elsewhere in this guide.)
Engineers use computers extensively to produce and analyze designs, simulate and test how a machine, structure, or the system works, generate specifications for parts; to monitor the quality of products and to monitor the efficiency of processes. Nanotechnology, which involves the establishment of high-performance materials and components by integrating atoms and molecules, is the introduction of entirely new principles for the design process.
Most engineers specialize. In the following details of the 17 technical specialties in the Federal Government Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system are covered. Numerous other specialties are recognized by professional societies, and each of the major branches of engineering has numerous subdivisions. Civil engineering, for example, includes structural and traffic engineering and materials engineering includes ceramic, metallurgical, and polymer engineering. Engineers can specialize in one industry, such as cars or in a kind of technology, such as turbines or semiconductor materials.
Aerospace engineers design, test and monitor the production of aircraft and missiles. Those who work with aircraft aerospace engineers called, and those that are specifically with spacecraft astronautical engineers. Aerospace engineers develop new technologies for use in the aerospace, defense and aerospace systems, often specializing in areas such as structural design, guidance, navigation and control, instrumentation and communication, and production methods. You may also be a certain type of aerospace product, such as commercial aircraft, military fighter aircraft, specialized helicopters, spaceships or missiles and rockets, and can be experts in aerodynamics, thermodynamics, celestial mechanics, propulsion, acoustics, or guidance and control systems.
Agricultural engineers bring their knowledge of engineering technology and science to agriculture and the efficient use of biological resources. Accordingly, they are also referred to as biological and agricultural engineers. They design agricultural machinery, equipment, sensors, processes and structures, such as those used for crop storage. Some engineers specialize in areas such as energy systems and machine design, structural and environmental engineering, and food and bioprocess engineering. They develop ways to conserve soil and water and to improve the processing of agricultural products. Agricultural engineers often work in research and development, production, sales or management.
Biomedical engineers develop devices and procedures that solve medical and health problems by their knowledge of biology and medicine with engineering principles and practices. Many do research, develop, together with physicians, and evaluate systems and products such as artificial organs, prostheses (artificial devices to replace missing body parts), instrumentation, medical information systems and health management and care delivery systems. Biomedical engineers may also design devices used in various medical procedures, imaging systems such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and devices for automating insulin injections or controlling body functions. Most engineers in this specialty need a sound background in another engineering specialty, such as mechanical or electronic, in addition to the biomedical training. Some specialties within biomedical engineering, biomaterials, biomechanics, medical imaging, rehabilitation engineering and orthopedic technology.
Chemical engineers apply the principles of chemistry to solve problems associated with the production or use of chemicals and other products. They design equipment and processes for large-scale chemical manufacturing, plan and test methods for manufacturing products and by-products of the treatment and control of production. Chemical engineers also work in a variety of manufacturing industries other than the chemical industry, such as producing energy, electronics, food, clothing and paper. They also work in health, biotechnology and business services. Chemical engineers apply principles of physics, mathematics and mechanical engineering and electrical engineering, and chemistry. Some may specialize in a particular chemical process such as oxidation or polymerization. Others specialize in a specific area, such as nano-materials, or in the development of certain products. You must be aware of all aspects of the production of chemicals and how the manufacturing process impacts on the environment and the safety of workers and consumers.
Civil engineers design and supervise the construction of roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, water supply and sewerage. You have many factors in the design process of the construction costs and expected lifetime of a project, with government regulations and potential environmental hazards such as earthquakes and hurricanes to consider. Civil engineering, considered one of the oldest engineering disciplines, encompasses many specialties. The most important are structural, water resources, construction, transportation and geotechnical engineering. Many civil engineers hold supervisory or administrative body positions, from supervisor of a construction site to city engineer. Others can work in design, construction, research and teaching.
Computer hardware engineers research, design, development, testing and monitoring the production and installation of computer hardware, including computer chips, circuit boards, computer systems and related equipment such as keyboards, routers and printers. (Computer software engineers often simply called computer-design and develop software systems that control computer. These workers treated elsewhere in this guide.) The work of computer hardware engineers is similar to that of electrons, that they built and can test tracks and other devices, but that computer hardware engineers that work only as it relates to computers and computer equipment. Rapid advances in computer technology are largely the result of research, development, design and efforts of these engineers.
Electrical engineers design, develop, test and monitor the production of electrical equipment. Some of this equipment includes electric motors, machinery controls, lighting and wiring in buildings, radar and navigation systems, communication systems and power generation, control and communications equipment used by utilities. Electrical engineers also design the electrical systems of automobiles and airplanes. Although the terms electrical and electronics often used interchangeably in academia and industry, electrical engineers traditionally concentrated on the production and supply of electricity, while electronics engineers have worked on applications of electricity to control systems or signal processing. Electrical engineers specialize in areas such as energy or electrical systems engineering plant.
Electronics Engineers, except computer are responsible for a broad range of technologies, from portable music players to Global Positioning System (GPS) that can continuously provide the location, such as a vehicle. Electronics engineers design, develop, test and monitor the production of electronic devices such as broadcast and communications systems. Many electronics engineers also work in areas closely related to computers. However, engineers whose work exclusively on computer hardware that you are considered computer hardware engineers. Electronics engineer specializing in the areas such as communications, signal processing and control systems or a specialty in one of these areas-control systems or aviation electronics, for example.
Environmental engineers use the principles of biology and chemistry to develop solutions to environmental problems. They are involved in water and air pollution control, recycling, disposal, and public health issues. Environmental engineers conduct hazardous-waste management studies in which they evaluate the significance of the risk, advise on treatment and containment, and develop regulations to prevent mishaps. They design municipal water supply and industrial wastewater treatment research, the environmental impact of planned construction projects, analyze scientific data, and quality control. Environmental engineers are in the local and global environmental issues. Some study and try to minimize the effects of acid rain, global warming, automobile emissions and ozone depletion. You may also be involved in the protection of wild animals. Many environmental problems engineers work as consultants, helping customers deal with regulations, prevent environmental damage and remediation of hazardous sites.
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors, damage to persons or property through the application of their knowledge of systems engineering and mechanical, chemical and human performance principles. With this knowledge, they identify and measure potential hazards, such as the risk of fires or the dangers involved in handling toxic chemicals. Recommend appropriate loss prevention measures according to their probability of damage and potential damage. Health and safety engineers develop procedures and designs to reduce the risk of disease, injury or damage. Some work in manufacturing industry to ensure that the designs of new products do not create unnecessary hazards. You need to anticipate the ability to recognize and evaluate hazardous conditions and the development of emergency planning methods.
Industrial engineers determine the most effective ways to make the basic factors of production-people, machines, materials, information and power to a product or to use a service. Are you have especially with increasing productivity through the management of people, methods of business organization and technology. To maximize efficiency, industrial engineers carefully study product requirements and design through to production and IT systems to meet these requirements by using mathematical methods and models. They develop control systems in the financial planning and cost analysis support, and design production planning and control systems to coordinate and ensure product quality. They also have design or improve systems for the physical distribution of goods and services and the most efficient plant locations. Industrial engineers develop wage and payroll systems and job evaluation programs. Many industrial engineers move into management positions because the work is closely related to the work of managers.
Marine engineers and naval architects in planning, participates in the construction and maintenance of ships, boats and equipment. They design and supervise the construction of aircraft carriers and more on submarines and sail boats, tankers. Naval Architects working on the basic design of ships, including the shape and stability of the hulls. Marine engineers work on the drive, steering and other systems of ships. Marine engineers and shipbuilders apply knowledge from different areas on the entire process by which vessels are designed and produced. Other workers who use or supervise the operation of equipment for marine and other vessels can sometimes be as engineers Marine engineers or, more frequently, ship, but they do different work and covered under water transportation occupations elsewhere in this guide.
Materials engineers are at the development, processing and testing of the materials used to create a series of products, from computer chips and wings to golf clubs or snow skis. They work to meet with metals, ceramics, plastics, semiconductors, composites and new materials, certain mechanical, electrical and chemical requirements. They are also involved in the selection of materials for new applications. Material engineers have the ability to create and then study materials at the atomic level, developed to replicate using advanced methods to the nature of the materials and their components with computers. Most materials engineers specialize in a particular material. For example, metallurgical engineers specialize in metals such as steel, ceramic and engineers develop ceramic materials and method of manufacture into useful products such as glassware or fiber optic communication lines.
Mechanical engineers research, design, development, manufacture and test tools, engines, machines and other mechanical devices. Mechanical engineering is one of the broadest engineering disciplines. Engineers in this discipline work on power-producing machines such as electric generators, combustion engines and steam and gas turbines. Also used when switching from machines such as refrigeration and air conditioning equipment, machine tools, material handling systems, elevators and escalators, industrial production equipment and robots in manufacturing work. Some mechanical engineers design tools that other engineers need for their work. In addition, mechanical engineers work in manufacturing or agricultural production, maintenance, or technical sales, many are administrators or managers.
Mining and Geological Engineers, including mining safety engineers find, extract, and prepare coal, metals and minerals for use by manufacturing industries and utilities. They design open pit and underground mining, monitor the construction of shafts and tunnels in underground mining, and develop methods for transporting minerals to processing plants. Mining engineers are responsible for the safe, economical and environmentally sound operation of mines. Some mining engineers work with geologists and metallurgical engineers to locate and evaluate new ore deposits. Others develop new mining equipment or direct mineral processing operations that separate minerals from the dirt, stone and other materials with which they are mixed. Mining engineers frequently specialize in the production of a mineral or metal, such as coal or gold. Focusing on the protection of the environment, many mining engineers are working to solve problems related to reclamation and water and air pollution to land. Mining safety engineers and their knowledge of mine design practices to ensure the safety of workers and to comply with state and federal safety regulations. They examine the surfaces of walls and roofs, monitor air quality, and examine mining equipment for compliance with safety regulations.
Nuclear engineers research and develop the processes, instruments and systems used to derive benefits from nuclear energy and radiation protection. They design, develop, supervise and operate nuclear power plants to generate electricity. You can work on the nuclear fuel cycle production, handling and use of produced nuclear fuel and the safe disposal of waste through the production of nuclear energy or the development of fusion energy. Some specialize in the development of nuclear power sources for naval vessels or spacecraft, and other related industrial and medical uses for radioactive materials, such as in devices for the diagnosis and treatment of medical problems.
Petroleum Engineers design methods for the extraction of oil and gas from reservoirs beneath the earth. Once these resources have been discovered, geologists and petroleum engineers work with other specialists to understand the geologic formation and properties of the rock, the reservoir, to determine the drilling method to be used, and monitor drilling and production. They design equipment and processes to achieve the maximum profitable recovery of oil and gas. Since only a small proportion of oil and gas flows in a container under natural forces, engineers develop oil and force the use of various enhanced recovery methods, including injecting water, chemicals, gases or steam into an oil reservoir over the oil and this computer controlled drilling or fracturing to a larger area of a reservoir to a single, to come good. For even the best techniques in use today is just another part of the oil and gas in a reservoir, petroleum engineers research and technologies and methods to develop the use of these resources and reduce the development cost of drilling and production.
Work environment. Most engineers work in office buildings, laboratories or industrial plants. Others can time outdoors at construction sites and oil and gas exploration and production, where they monitor or direct operations or spend to solve local problems. Some engineers travel extensively to plants or construction sites and abroad.
Many engineers work a standard 40-hour week. In addition to times, dates or design standards under pressure to take a job that requires engineers to work longer.
Many engineers develop new products. During the process, they will look at several factors. For example in the development of an industrial robot, engineers specify the functional requirements, design and testing of the robot components, integration of the components to produce the final design, and evaluate the design of the overall effectiveness, cost, reliability and security. This process applies to the development of many different products, such as chemicals, computers, engines, helicopters, and toys.
In addition to its participation in the design and development, many engineers work in testing, production or maintenance. These engineers supervise production in factories, determine the cause of a component failure, and test manufactured products to maintain quality. They also appreciate the time and cost required to complete projects. Supervisory engineers are responsible for major components or entire projects. (See the statement on engineering and natural sciences managers elsewhere in this guide.)
Engineers use computers extensively to produce and analyze designs, simulate and test how a machine, structure, or the system works, generate specifications for parts; to monitor the quality of products and to monitor the efficiency of processes. Nanotechnology, which involves the establishment of high-performance materials and components by integrating atoms and molecules, is the introduction of entirely new principles for the design process.
Most engineers specialize. In the following details of the 17 technical specialties in the Federal Government Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system are covered. Numerous other specialties are recognized by professional societies, and each of the major branches of engineering has numerous subdivisions. Civil engineering, for example, includes structural and traffic engineering and materials engineering includes ceramic, metallurgical, and polymer engineering. Engineers can specialize in one industry, such as cars or in a kind of technology, such as turbines or semiconductor materials.
Aerospace engineers design, test and monitor the production of aircraft and missiles. Those who work with aircraft aerospace engineers called, and those that are specifically with spacecraft astronautical engineers. Aerospace engineers develop new technologies for use in the aerospace, defense and aerospace systems, often specializing in areas such as structural design, guidance, navigation and control, instrumentation and communication, and production methods. You may also be a certain type of aerospace product, such as commercial aircraft, military fighter aircraft, specialized helicopters, spaceships or missiles and rockets, and can be experts in aerodynamics, thermodynamics, celestial mechanics, propulsion, acoustics, or guidance and control systems.
Agricultural engineers bring their knowledge of engineering technology and science to agriculture and the efficient use of biological resources. Accordingly, they are also referred to as biological and agricultural engineers. They design agricultural machinery, equipment, sensors, processes and structures, such as those used for crop storage. Some engineers specialize in areas such as energy systems and machine design, structural and environmental engineering, and food and bioprocess engineering. They develop ways to conserve soil and water and to improve the processing of agricultural products. Agricultural engineers often work in research and development, production, sales or management.
Biomedical engineers develop devices and procedures that solve medical and health problems by their knowledge of biology and medicine with engineering principles and practices. Many do research, develop, together with physicians, and evaluate systems and products such as artificial organs, prostheses (artificial devices to replace missing body parts), instrumentation, medical information systems and health management and care delivery systems. Biomedical engineers may also design devices used in various medical procedures, imaging systems such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and devices for automating insulin injections or controlling body functions. Most engineers in this specialty need a sound background in another engineering specialty, such as mechanical or electronic, in addition to the biomedical training. Some specialties within biomedical engineering, biomaterials, biomechanics, medical imaging, rehabilitation engineering and orthopedic technology.
Chemical engineers apply the principles of chemistry to solve problems associated with the production or use of chemicals and other products. They design equipment and processes for large-scale chemical manufacturing, plan and test methods for manufacturing products and by-products of the treatment and control of production. Chemical engineers also work in a variety of manufacturing industries other than the chemical industry, such as producing energy, electronics, food, clothing and paper. They also work in health, biotechnology and business services. Chemical engineers apply principles of physics, mathematics and mechanical engineering and electrical engineering, and chemistry. Some may specialize in a particular chemical process such as oxidation or polymerization. Others specialize in a specific area, such as nano-materials, or in the development of certain products. You must be aware of all aspects of the production of chemicals and how the manufacturing process impacts on the environment and the safety of workers and consumers.
Civil engineers design and supervise the construction of roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, water supply and sewerage. You have many factors in the design process of the construction costs and expected lifetime of a project, with government regulations and potential environmental hazards such as earthquakes and hurricanes to consider. Civil engineering, considered one of the oldest engineering disciplines, encompasses many specialties. The most important are structural, water resources, construction, transportation and geotechnical engineering. Many civil engineers hold supervisory or administrative body positions, from supervisor of a construction site to city engineer. Others can work in design, construction, research and teaching.
Computer hardware engineers research, design, development, testing and monitoring the production and installation of computer hardware, including computer chips, circuit boards, computer systems and related equipment such as keyboards, routers and printers. (Computer software engineers often simply called computer-design and develop software systems that control computer. These workers treated elsewhere in this guide.) The work of computer hardware engineers is similar to that of electrons, that they built and can test tracks and other devices, but that computer hardware engineers that work only as it relates to computers and computer equipment. Rapid advances in computer technology are largely the result of research, development, design and efforts of these engineers.
Electrical engineers design, develop, test and monitor the production of electrical equipment. Some of this equipment includes electric motors, machinery controls, lighting and wiring in buildings, radar and navigation systems, communication systems and power generation, control and communications equipment used by utilities. Electrical engineers also design the electrical systems of automobiles and airplanes. Although the terms electrical and electronics often used interchangeably in academia and industry, electrical engineers traditionally concentrated on the production and supply of electricity, while electronics engineers have worked on applications of electricity to control systems or signal processing. Electrical engineers specialize in areas such as energy or electrical systems engineering plant.
Electronics Engineers, except computer are responsible for a broad range of technologies, from portable music players to Global Positioning System (GPS) that can continuously provide the location, such as a vehicle. Electronics engineers design, develop, test and monitor the production of electronic devices such as broadcast and communications systems. Many electronics engineers also work in areas closely related to computers. However, engineers whose work exclusively on computer hardware that you are considered computer hardware engineers. Electronics engineer specializing in the areas such as communications, signal processing and control systems or a specialty in one of these areas-control systems or aviation electronics, for example.
Environmental engineers use the principles of biology and chemistry to develop solutions to environmental problems. They are involved in water and air pollution control, recycling, disposal, and public health issues. Environmental engineers conduct hazardous-waste management studies in which they evaluate the significance of the risk, advise on treatment and containment, and develop regulations to prevent mishaps. They design municipal water supply and industrial wastewater treatment research, the environmental impact of planned construction projects, analyze scientific data, and quality control. Environmental engineers are in the local and global environmental issues. Some study and try to minimize the effects of acid rain, global warming, automobile emissions and ozone depletion. You may also be involved in the protection of wild animals. Many environmental problems engineers work as consultants, helping customers deal with regulations, prevent environmental damage and remediation of hazardous sites.
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors, damage to persons or property through the application of their knowledge of systems engineering and mechanical, chemical and human performance principles. With this knowledge, they identify and measure potential hazards, such as the risk of fires or the dangers involved in handling toxic chemicals. Recommend appropriate loss prevention measures according to their probability of damage and potential damage. Health and safety engineers develop procedures and designs to reduce the risk of disease, injury or damage. Some work in manufacturing industry to ensure that the designs of new products do not create unnecessary hazards. You need to anticipate the ability to recognize and evaluate hazardous conditions and the development of emergency planning methods.
Industrial engineers determine the most effective ways to make the basic factors of production-people, machines, materials, information and power to a product or to use a service. Are you have especially with increasing productivity through the management of people, methods of business organization and technology. To maximize efficiency, industrial engineers carefully study product requirements and design through to production and IT systems to meet these requirements by using mathematical methods and models. They develop control systems in the financial planning and cost analysis support, and design production planning and control systems to coordinate and ensure product quality. They also have design or improve systems for the physical distribution of goods and services and the most efficient plant locations. Industrial engineers develop wage and payroll systems and job evaluation programs. Many industrial engineers move into management positions because the work is closely related to the work of managers.
Marine engineers and naval architects in planning, participates in the construction and maintenance of ships, boats and equipment. They design and supervise the construction of aircraft carriers and more on submarines and sail boats, tankers. Naval Architects working on the basic design of ships, including the shape and stability of the hulls. Marine engineers work on the drive, steering and other systems of ships. Marine engineers and shipbuilders apply knowledge from different areas on the entire process by which vessels are designed and produced. Other workers who use or supervise the operation of equipment for marine and other vessels can sometimes be as engineers Marine engineers or, more frequently, ship, but they do different work and covered under water transportation occupations elsewhere in this guide.
Materials engineers are at the development, processing and testing of the materials used to create a series of products, from computer chips and wings to golf clubs or snow skis. They work to meet with metals, ceramics, plastics, semiconductors, composites and new materials, certain mechanical, electrical and chemical requirements. They are also involved in the selection of materials for new applications. Material engineers have the ability to create and then study materials at the atomic level, developed to replicate using advanced methods to the nature of the materials and their components with computers. Most materials engineers specialize in a particular material. For example, metallurgical engineers specialize in metals such as steel, ceramic and engineers develop ceramic materials and method of manufacture into useful products such as glassware or fiber optic communication lines.
Mechanical engineers research, design, development, manufacture and test tools, engines, machines and other mechanical devices. Mechanical engineering is one of the broadest engineering disciplines. Engineers in this discipline work on power-producing machines such as electric generators, combustion engines and steam and gas turbines. Also used when switching from machines such as refrigeration and air conditioning equipment, machine tools, material handling systems, elevators and escalators, industrial production equipment and robots in manufacturing work. Some mechanical engineers design tools that other engineers need for their work. In addition, mechanical engineers work in manufacturing or agricultural production, maintenance, or technical sales, many are administrators or managers.
Mining and Geological Engineers, including mining safety engineers find, extract, and prepare coal, metals and minerals for use by manufacturing industries and utilities. They design open pit and underground mining, monitor the construction of shafts and tunnels in underground mining, and develop methods for transporting minerals to processing plants. Mining engineers are responsible for the safe, economical and environmentally sound operation of mines. Some mining engineers work with geologists and metallurgical engineers to locate and evaluate new ore deposits. Others develop new mining equipment or direct mineral processing operations that separate minerals from the dirt, stone and other materials with which they are mixed. Mining engineers frequently specialize in the production of a mineral or metal, such as coal or gold. Focusing on the protection of the environment, many mining engineers are working to solve problems related to reclamation and water and air pollution to land. Mining safety engineers and their knowledge of mine design practices to ensure the safety of workers and to comply with state and federal safety regulations. They examine the surfaces of walls and roofs, monitor air quality, and examine mining equipment for compliance with safety regulations.
Nuclear engineers research and develop the processes, instruments and systems used to derive benefits from nuclear energy and radiation protection. They design, develop, supervise and operate nuclear power plants to generate electricity. You can work on the nuclear fuel cycle production, handling and use of produced nuclear fuel and the safe disposal of waste through the production of nuclear energy or the development of fusion energy. Some specialize in the development of nuclear power sources for naval vessels or spacecraft, and other related industrial and medical uses for radioactive materials, such as in devices for the diagnosis and treatment of medical problems.
Petroleum Engineers design methods for the extraction of oil and gas from reservoirs beneath the earth. Once these resources have been discovered, geologists and petroleum engineers work with other specialists to understand the geologic formation and properties of the rock, the reservoir, to determine the drilling method to be used, and monitor drilling and production. They design equipment and processes to achieve the maximum profitable recovery of oil and gas. Since only a small proportion of oil and gas flows in a container under natural forces, engineers develop oil and force the use of various enhanced recovery methods, including injecting water, chemicals, gases or steam into an oil reservoir over the oil and this computer controlled drilling or fracturing to a larger area of a reservoir to a single, to come good. For even the best techniques in use today is just another part of the oil and gas in a reservoir, petroleum engineers research and technologies and methods to develop the use of these resources and reduce the development cost of drilling and production.
Work environment. Most engineers work in office buildings, laboratories or industrial plants. Others can time outdoors at construction sites and oil and gas exploration and production, where they monitor or direct operations or spend to solve local problems. Some engineers travel extensively to plants or construction sites and abroad.
Many engineers work a standard 40-hour week. In addition to times, dates or design standards under pressure to take a job that requires engineers to work longer.
Saturday, November 20, 2010
Engineer
Engineer
An engineer is a professional practitioner of the art, concerned with the application of scientific knowledge, mathematics and ingenuity to develop solutions to technical problems. Engineers design materials, imposing structures, machinery and equipment are within the limits of functionality, safety and cost. [1] [2] The word engineering derives from the Latin root ingenium, meaning "wisdom" [3].
Engineers are based in applied sciences and of scientists engaged in research and artists who create excellent with a focus on aesthetics. [2] The work of engineers is the link between scientific discoveries and applications that meet society's needs. [1]
Engineers develop new technical solutions. During the planning process, the performance responsibility of the engineer include defining problems, conducting, and narrowing of the research, analysis criteria, findings and analysis solutions and decisions. Much of the engineer's time is spent on researching, tracking, application and transfer of information. [4]
Engineers must weigh different design choices on their merits and choose the solution best meets the requirements. Their critical and unique responsibility is to understand, identify and interpret the constraints on a design to achieve a successful outcome.
Engineers apply engineering analysis techniques in the examination, production or maintenance. Analytical engineers can monitor the production in factories and elsewhere, determine the cause of a process failure, and test output to maintain quality. They also appreciate the time and cost required to complete projects. Supervisory engineers are responsible for major components or entire projects. Engineering analysis involves the application of scientific principles and analytical processes, the properties and state of the system, a device or system under study shows. Engineering analysis is the separation of planning services in the mechanisms of the operation or failure, analysis, or estimate each component of the operation or failure mechanism in isolation, and again the combination of the components. You can analyze risk. [5] [6] [7] [8].
Many engineers use computers to produce and analyze designs, simulate and test how a machine, structure, or runs to generate specifications for parts to monitor the quality of products and control the efficiency of processes.
Specialization
Most engineers specialize. [1] Numerous specialties are recognized by professional societies, and each of the major branches of engineering has numerous subdivisions. Civil engineering, for example, includes structural and traffic engineering and materials engineering includes ceramic, metallurgical, and polymer engineering. Engineers can specialize in one industry, such as cars or in a kind of technology, such as turbines or semiconductor materials. [1]
Engineers have obligations to the public and their customers, employers and the profession. Many technical societies have codes of conduct and codes of conduct for members and established inform the general public. Each technical discipline and professional society maintains a code of ethics that require members to defend themselves. Depending on their specializations, engineers can be regulated, whistle blowing, product liability law by specific statute, and often the principles of business ethics. [9] [10] [11]
Some graduates of engineering programs in North America may be recognized by the iron ring or Engineer's Ring, a ring of iron or steel, which is worn on the little finger of the dominant hand. This tradition began in 1925 in Canada with the ritual of the calling of an engineer, where the ring is a symbol and reminder of the engineering commitment for the engineering profession. In 1972, the practice of several colleges in the United States, including members of the Order was adopted by the engineer.
Most engineering programs involve a concentration of study in an engineering specialty, along with courses in mathematics and the physical and life sciences. Many programs and courses in mechanical engineering. A design course, sometimes from a computer or laboratory class or both, accompanied, is part of the curriculum of most programs. Often general courses not directly related to technology, as in the social sciences or humanities, you are needed.
Graduate training is essential for engineering faculty positions and required some research and development programs, but not for the majority of entry-level engineering jobs. Many experienced engineers with degrees in engineering or business administration to learn new technologies and expand their education. Many senior leaders in politics and business started their careers as engineers.
Accreditation is the process to be evaluated in the engineering program from a remote location to determine whether existing standards are met. The Washington Accord is an international accreditation agreement for academic degree Engineering, recognition of equivalence in material standards, the large number of national engineering bodies to. In the United States, post-secondary degrees in engineering from the Accreditation Council for Engineering and Technology are recognized. In much of Europe and the Commonwealth professional accreditation is by engineering institutions, such as the Institution of Civil Engineers or the Institution of Mechanical Engineers from the United Kingdom made available.
In many countries, engineering tasks, such as the design of bridges, power plants and chemical plants, must be approved by a qualified engineer. The most common is a Professional Engineer or Chartered Engineer, the status of professional licensing often with the use of post-nominal letters marked titled, PE or P. Eng is common in North America, Eur Ing in Europe, while Ieng CEng and is in the United CEng Kingdom and in many parts of the Commonwealth.
In the United States, is usually reached licensing by the combination of education, screening (Fundamentals of Engineering examination), examination (written Professional Engineering) [12] and engineering experience (usually in the range of 5 years). Each state tests and licenses Professional Engineers. Currently, most states do not license by specific engineering discipline, but provide general licensing and trust engineers professional judgment regarding their individual skills, this is the preferred approach of the professional societies. Despite this, however, at least one of the checks required by most states is actually focused on a specific discipline, select candidates for admission usually the category of the exam, which is closest to their respective expertise.
In Canada, the profession is regulated in each province by its own engineering association. be registered for example, will have in the province of British Columbia engineering graduate with four or more years post graduate experience in a related field of engineering and passing exams in Law and Ethics of the Society of Engineers and Geoscientists (APEGBC) [13] to to be a professional engineer and must allow the professional designation of P. Eng.
In continental Europe, Latin America, Turkey and elsewhere, the title is by law to persons with a degree in engineering and the use of the title is limited by other illegal. In Italy, the title for people who both hold an engineering degree and have completed a vocational qualification examination (Esame di Stato) limited. In Portugal, professional engineer titles and accredited engineering degree regulated and certified by the Ordem dos Engenheiros. In the Czech Republic, the title "engineer" (Ing.) to provide people with a (master) in Chemistry, Engineering and Economics for historical and traditional reasons. In Greece, the academic degree "Diplom-Ingenieur" after the five-year program in mechanical engineering and the title "Certified Engineer" award is awarded after completion of the four-year course of engineering degree from a Technological Educational Institute (TEI).
Engineering is usually a respected profession. British school children in the 1950s, brought with stirring tales of the Victorian engineers, chief among those of Brunel, the Stephensons, Telford and their contemporaries. In Canada, engineering is one of the public's most trusted and respected professions. [14 ] In India, the engineering one of the most sought-after undergraduate courses applied for inviting thousands of candidates try their luck in the highly competitive entrance examinations.
Sometimes engineering has been dry as something seen uninteresting field in popular culture and was also thought to be the domain of nerds. [15] For example, the cartoon character Dilbert is to be an engineer. In science fiction engineers often very experienced and reputable persons who portrays understand the overwhelming future technologies often represented in this genre. Several Star Trek characters are engineers. One difficulty in raising public awareness of the profession is that average people, in the typical run of ordinary life do not always have any personal dealings with engineers, although they benefit from their work every day. In contrast, it is customary to visit a doctor at least once a year, the tax auditor at the time, and occasionally even a lawyer.
In companies and other organizations in many English-speaking countries is underestimated is a tendency people with technical and scientific capabilities compared to managers. In his book The Mythical Man-Month [16], Fred Brooks Jr. says that the managers think of older people as "too valuable" for technical tasks, and management jobs have a higher reputation. He told how many laboratories, such as abolishing Bell Labs, all job titles in order to overcome this problem. "Member of technical staff" a professional employee is an IBM hold a double ladder of progress, the appropriate business and technical sprouts are equivalent. Brooks recommends that structures must be changed, and the boss has a high degree of attention to keep his manager and his technical people give as interchangeable as their talents allow.
An engineer is a professional practitioner of the art, concerned with the application of scientific knowledge, mathematics and ingenuity to develop solutions to technical problems. Engineers design materials, imposing structures, machinery and equipment are within the limits of functionality, safety and cost. [1] [2] The word engineering derives from the Latin root ingenium, meaning "wisdom" [3].
Engineers are based in applied sciences and of scientists engaged in research and artists who create excellent with a focus on aesthetics. [2] The work of engineers is the link between scientific discoveries and applications that meet society's needs. [1]
Engineers develop new technical solutions. During the planning process, the performance responsibility of the engineer include defining problems, conducting, and narrowing of the research, analysis criteria, findings and analysis solutions and decisions. Much of the engineer's time is spent on researching, tracking, application and transfer of information. [4]
Engineers must weigh different design choices on their merits and choose the solution best meets the requirements. Their critical and unique responsibility is to understand, identify and interpret the constraints on a design to achieve a successful outcome.
Engineers apply engineering analysis techniques in the examination, production or maintenance. Analytical engineers can monitor the production in factories and elsewhere, determine the cause of a process failure, and test output to maintain quality. They also appreciate the time and cost required to complete projects. Supervisory engineers are responsible for major components or entire projects. Engineering analysis involves the application of scientific principles and analytical processes, the properties and state of the system, a device or system under study shows. Engineering analysis is the separation of planning services in the mechanisms of the operation or failure, analysis, or estimate each component of the operation or failure mechanism in isolation, and again the combination of the components. You can analyze risk. [5] [6] [7] [8].
Many engineers use computers to produce and analyze designs, simulate and test how a machine, structure, or runs to generate specifications for parts to monitor the quality of products and control the efficiency of processes.
Specialization
Most engineers specialize. [1] Numerous specialties are recognized by professional societies, and each of the major branches of engineering has numerous subdivisions. Civil engineering, for example, includes structural and traffic engineering and materials engineering includes ceramic, metallurgical, and polymer engineering. Engineers can specialize in one industry, such as cars or in a kind of technology, such as turbines or semiconductor materials. [1]
Engineers have obligations to the public and their customers, employers and the profession. Many technical societies have codes of conduct and codes of conduct for members and established inform the general public. Each technical discipline and professional society maintains a code of ethics that require members to defend themselves. Depending on their specializations, engineers can be regulated, whistle blowing, product liability law by specific statute, and often the principles of business ethics. [9] [10] [11]
Some graduates of engineering programs in North America may be recognized by the iron ring or Engineer's Ring, a ring of iron or steel, which is worn on the little finger of the dominant hand. This tradition began in 1925 in Canada with the ritual of the calling of an engineer, where the ring is a symbol and reminder of the engineering commitment for the engineering profession. In 1972, the practice of several colleges in the United States, including members of the Order was adopted by the engineer.
Most engineering programs involve a concentration of study in an engineering specialty, along with courses in mathematics and the physical and life sciences. Many programs and courses in mechanical engineering. A design course, sometimes from a computer or laboratory class or both, accompanied, is part of the curriculum of most programs. Often general courses not directly related to technology, as in the social sciences or humanities, you are needed.
Graduate training is essential for engineering faculty positions and required some research and development programs, but not for the majority of entry-level engineering jobs. Many experienced engineers with degrees in engineering or business administration to learn new technologies and expand their education. Many senior leaders in politics and business started their careers as engineers.
Accreditation is the process to be evaluated in the engineering program from a remote location to determine whether existing standards are met. The Washington Accord is an international accreditation agreement for academic degree Engineering, recognition of equivalence in material standards, the large number of national engineering bodies to. In the United States, post-secondary degrees in engineering from the Accreditation Council for Engineering and Technology are recognized. In much of Europe and the Commonwealth professional accreditation is by engineering institutions, such as the Institution of Civil Engineers or the Institution of Mechanical Engineers from the United Kingdom made available.
In many countries, engineering tasks, such as the design of bridges, power plants and chemical plants, must be approved by a qualified engineer. The most common is a Professional Engineer or Chartered Engineer, the status of professional licensing often with the use of post-nominal letters marked titled, PE or P. Eng is common in North America, Eur Ing in Europe, while Ieng CEng and is in the United CEng Kingdom and in many parts of the Commonwealth.
In the United States, is usually reached licensing by the combination of education, screening (Fundamentals of Engineering examination), examination (written Professional Engineering) [12] and engineering experience (usually in the range of 5 years). Each state tests and licenses Professional Engineers. Currently, most states do not license by specific engineering discipline, but provide general licensing and trust engineers professional judgment regarding their individual skills, this is the preferred approach of the professional societies. Despite this, however, at least one of the checks required by most states is actually focused on a specific discipline, select candidates for admission usually the category of the exam, which is closest to their respective expertise.
In Canada, the profession is regulated in each province by its own engineering association. be registered for example, will have in the province of British Columbia engineering graduate with four or more years post graduate experience in a related field of engineering and passing exams in Law and Ethics of the Society of Engineers and Geoscientists (APEGBC) [13] to to be a professional engineer and must allow the professional designation of P. Eng.
In continental Europe, Latin America, Turkey and elsewhere, the title is by law to persons with a degree in engineering and the use of the title is limited by other illegal. In Italy, the title for people who both hold an engineering degree and have completed a vocational qualification examination (Esame di Stato) limited. In Portugal, professional engineer titles and accredited engineering degree regulated and certified by the Ordem dos Engenheiros. In the Czech Republic, the title "engineer" (Ing.) to provide people with a (master) in Chemistry, Engineering and Economics for historical and traditional reasons. In Greece, the academic degree "Diplom-Ingenieur" after the five-year program in mechanical engineering and the title "Certified Engineer" award is awarded after completion of the four-year course of engineering degree from a Technological Educational Institute (TEI).
Engineering is usually a respected profession. British school children in the 1950s, brought with stirring tales of the Victorian engineers, chief among those of Brunel, the Stephensons, Telford and their contemporaries. In Canada, engineering is one of the public's most trusted and respected professions. [14 ] In India, the engineering one of the most sought-after undergraduate courses applied for inviting thousands of candidates try their luck in the highly competitive entrance examinations.
Sometimes engineering has been dry as something seen uninteresting field in popular culture and was also thought to be the domain of nerds. [15] For example, the cartoon character Dilbert is to be an engineer. In science fiction engineers often very experienced and reputable persons who portrays understand the overwhelming future technologies often represented in this genre. Several Star Trek characters are engineers. One difficulty in raising public awareness of the profession is that average people, in the typical run of ordinary life do not always have any personal dealings with engineers, although they benefit from their work every day. In contrast, it is customary to visit a doctor at least once a year, the tax auditor at the time, and occasionally even a lawyer.
In companies and other organizations in many English-speaking countries is underestimated is a tendency people with technical and scientific capabilities compared to managers. In his book The Mythical Man-Month [16], Fred Brooks Jr. says that the managers think of older people as "too valuable" for technical tasks, and management jobs have a higher reputation. He told how many laboratories, such as abolishing Bell Labs, all job titles in order to overcome this problem. "Member of technical staff" a professional employee is an IBM hold a double ladder of progress, the appropriate business and technical sprouts are equivalent. Brooks recommends that structures must be changed, and the boss has a high degree of attention to keep his manager and his technical people give as interchangeable as their talents allow.
Friday, November 19, 2010
Famous Civil Engineers
Vincent T. H. CHU
Vincent TH CHU is omitted internationally as walking encyclopedia of civil engineering. He has received the Ombudsman's Award 2007, complaint in connection with category and Young Engineer of the Year Award 2008 (Merit), organized by the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. The following are the main achievements of Vincent Chu in recent years:
(I) Extreme Popularity of engineering books on international scale
Vincent Chu is the author of five internationally popular civil engineering books, namely "200 Questions and Answers on Practical Civil Engineering", "Civil Engineering Practical information AZ", "Ask Vincent Chu (Common FAQ about the practical civil engineering works)," "The underlying causes in engineering practice "and" A Closer Look at prevailing Civil Engineering Practice - What, Why and How ", the result is a list of useful practical experience, Q & As and knowledge, should acquire the engineers. The five books have been written off within 5 years (2005-2009) and they received overwhelming good comments from engineers around the world. They are the "must-read" books of a civil engineer Engineering.
Overwhelmed by easy-to-read style, offered a broad spectrum of engineering knowledge and useful information in the books, about 30 engineering companies, universities and organizations around the world to contain the books on their websites for their member referral fee. About 20 engineering companies, universities and organizations around the world offered to recommend the books to their members. To date, the book is known to Asia (Hong Kong, Japan, Turkey, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Mongolia, Vietnam, Malaysia), Europe (UK, Switzerland, Germany, Bulgaria, Spain, Slovakia, Gospodarska have spread zbornica Slovenije) , North America (United States and Canada), Oceana (Australia and New Zealand) and Africa (South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya and Zimbabwe), Islands (Mauritius, Barbados).
(Ii) the frequency of regular writing columns in engineering journals and websites around the world
Vincent Chu Engineering wrote columns in magazines and international websites on a regular basis. Since some engineers may be busy, to his books, which is very time consuming, have to read it read, Vincent Chu actively liaised with the engineering organizations, some short engineering write columns to share his knowledge and experience with engineers around the world as follows:
| Organization | Engineering Column |
| The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers | The Civil FAQ (Updated Monthly) in the monthly journal The Hong Kong Engineer |
| World Federation of Engineering Organizations | The Civil Q&A (Updated Monthly)in the official website |
| The University of Science and Technology (American Society of Civil Engineers – International Student Group) | The Civil Corner (Updated Monthly)in the official website |
| World Council of Civil Engineers | Civil Engineering FAQ |
Vincent Chu, a freelance technology FAQ E-mail Service "Ask Vincent Chu, prepared in which all civil engineers around the world could their technical problems via e-mail and he will answer them soon. World Federation of Engineering Organizations and the European Council of Civil Engineers helped to promote this free e-mail service. This essentially provides a systematic means to cope with their needs in real-time basis and to help them in their day to day civil engineering.
In addition, Vincent Chu has voluntarily wanted to be part of the Ask an expert on this website, where he answers all questions as soon as possible.
Boeing 747 House
Francie Rehwald a Boeing 747 houses built by the former businesswoman. 'The Wing House (Wing House), David Hertz, designed by the house. Rehwald engaged in buying and selling automobile, whether you want to do something different when it purchased the land the house kondurulduğu called Hertz.
4.5 million pieces of home, 60 meters wide, 70 meters long and 19 meters in height. Rehwald, 35 thousand dollars, bought a house like the old Boeing 747 wants to come out fully explains.
An Engineer Must Have These Qualities
An Engineer must have good facilities;Gerekir.İngilizce know at least one foreign language may be next to it in another language, because now almost every college graduate oluyor.İspanyolca learned English at a variety of ways, Japanese, German, etc.
Speeches against the person have to be a beautiful diction bırakmalı.Diksiyon Training should be an impact to me.
AutoCAD, C, Java, Plc Programming, Matlab, SolidWorks, Office Word, Excel, Power Point-style programs, such as name, surname able to use. Of course, this need to choose according to your saydıklarımdan.Bir mechanical engineer, for example AutoCAD, SolidWorks and programs should be aware that office, but an electrical engineer, C, matlab, office programs, should know .. know the advantage of at least 2 programs ..
Should be a good environment.
Did they say what they say Prezantabıl that must be maintained.
Experience in their profession to have a good theoretical knowledge of everyday life at school able to pass gerekir.En importantly, I believe.
How obvious that those who have these jobs.
I would like to develop ourselves as an engineer have to ask how I'm the boss.
Phone allırken 3G compatible features would you like to pick up the phone do not have too much so-called wedge to get our phones istersiniz.Mühendis alırkende thinks sounds like the same employer.
Origami Yatch
The concept of a new candidate to the world of yachting. This opens up the boat to fold up the walls ...
The name of the Japanese art of paper folding origami yacht "Millennium Yacht Design Award" owner Designed by Fabio Federici.
This multi-purpose yacht sea with a different experience than ever before possible.
Unlike the classic yacht designs, more streamlined and simple, but long-line features a unique design yacht with origami.
Origami concept allows you to use as you want her yacht, equipped with a deck of a unique and very functional.
Origami is a combination of modern performance of a yacht'd iron, with a unique feature of the closure of the wings in the process of navigation to perform a quick and streamlined. Yacht, the walls of the wide range of fully opening the main bridge in the 360-degree view of the sea provides. It also remains the user to enjoy the scenery.
Origami concept of the yacht is still on paper, the estimated project cost will be around 6 million Euros.
The name of the Japanese art of paper folding origami yacht "Millennium Yacht Design Award" owner Designed by Fabio Federici.
This multi-purpose yacht sea with a different experience than ever before possible.
Unlike the classic yacht designs, more streamlined and simple, but long-line features a unique design yacht with origami.
Origami concept allows you to use as you want her yacht, equipped with a deck of a unique and very functional.
Origami is a combination of modern performance of a yacht'd iron, with a unique feature of the closure of the wings in the process of navigation to perform a quick and streamlined. Yacht, the walls of the wide range of fully opening the main bridge in the 360-degree view of the sea provides. It also remains the user to enjoy the scenery.
Origami concept of the yacht is still on paper, the estimated project cost will be around 6 million Euros.
The Biggest Ships
The biggest ships ever built four supertankers built in France at the end of the seventies, with a 555.000 DWT and a 414 meter length. They launched from the shipyard Chantiers de l'Atlantique in Saint Nazaire. The only larger ship was the jumboized "Knock Nevis" ex "Jahre Viking", ex "Seawise Giant", ex "Porthos," in 1981 (see entry in part 2). However, it had Batillus larger class of gross tonnage per ship, and it could be argued that they were in fact greater than the Knock Nevis is.
* Batillus, built in 1976, scrapped in 1985.
* Bellamya, built in 1976, scrapped in 1986.
* Pierre Guillaumat, built in 1977, scrapped in 1983.
* Prairial, built in 1979,
scrapped (Also known as "Hellas Fos" and "Sea Giant") in 2003
So here is "Pierre Guillaumat" - the largest ship ever built:
* Batillus, built in 1976, scrapped in 1985.
* Bellamya, built in 1976, scrapped in 1986.
* Pierre Guillaumat, built in 1977, scrapped in 1983.
* Prairial, built in 1979,
scrapped (Also known as "Hellas Fos" and "Sea Giant") in 2003
So here is "Pierre Guillaumat" - the largest ship ever built:
Thursday, November 18, 2010
Akashi Kaikyo Bridge
The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, popularly known as the Pearl Bridge, has the longest central span of suspension bridge. The central span is breathtaking 1991 meters (6532 ft) and thus is a truly wonderful Civil miracle. The hotel is located in Japan, the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge was busy in 1998 with the aim of linking the city of Kobe on the mainland to Honsho Iwaya on Awaji Island by crossing the street Akashi completed.
Construction Details
Central span - 1991 m (6532 ft)Steel - 181 000 tonnes (It is said that a total of alternate cable could be used in this bridge include the world 7 times.)
Workers - 2 million
Time-10 years
Concrete - 1.4 million cubic meters
The bridge is using two lines, built the strech between two towers. The road is through other cables that support finally tied up with the main cable. Two large blocks anchor at both ends support of this gigantic structure.
Best Engineering Schools in USA
S.No | University/College |
| 1 | Massachusetts Inst of Technology |
| 2 | Stanford University |
| 3 | University of California-Berkeley |
| 4 | California Institute Technology |
| 5 | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign |
| 6 | Georgia Institute of Technology |
| 7 | University of Michigan |
| 8 | Cornell University |
| 9 | Carnegie Mellon University |
| 10 | University of Texas at Austin |
| 11 | Purdue University |
| 12 | University of California- San Diego |
| 13 | University of California- Los Angeles |
| 14 | Texas A&M University |
| 15 | Princeton University |
| 16 | Pennsylvania State University |
| 17 | University of Wisconsin-Madison |
| 18 | University of Maryland College Park |
| 19 | Harvard University |
| 20 | University of California-Santa Barbara |
| 21 | University of Southern California |
| 22 | University of Minnesota |
| 23 | Northwestern University |
| 24 | Johns Hopkins University |
| 25 | Virginia Polytech Inst & State University |
| 26 | Ohio State University |
| 27 | University of Virginia |
| 28 | Columbia University (FU) |
| 29 | University of Pennsylvania |
| 30 | Duke University |
| 31 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst |
| 32 | North Carolina State University |
| 33 | Rice University |
| 34 | University of Washington |
| 35 | University of Florida |
| 36 | University of California-Davis |
| 37 | Washington University -St. Louis |
| 38 | Yale University |
| 39 | University of Massachusetts at Amherst |
| 40 | Michigan State University |
| 41 | Iowa State University |
| 42 | University of Arizona |
| 43 | University of California-Irvine |
| 44 | University of Colorado-Boulder |
| 45 | Case Western Reserve University |
| 46 | Rutgers State University-New Brunswick |
| 47 | University of Notre Dame |
| 48 | Lehigh university |
| 49 | Northeastern University |
| 50 | University of Rochester |
| 51 | University of Delaware |
| 52 | University of Iowa |
| 53 | Brown University |
| 54 | Arizona State University |
| 55 | Drexel University |
Thursday, November 4, 2010
Ilmu Tanah
Ilmu tanah adalah ilmu yang mempelajari seluk beluk tanah. Tanah adalah lapisan yang menyeliputi bumi antara litosfer (batuan yang membentuk kerak bumi) dan atmosfer. Tanah adalah tempat tumbuhnya tanaman dan mendukung hewan dan manusia.
Ilmu tanah adalah pengkajian terhadap tanah sebagai sumber daya alam. Dalam ilmu ini dipelajari berbagai aspek tentang tanah, seperti pembentukan, klasifikasi, pemetaan, berbagai karakteristik fisik, kimiawi, biologis, kesuburannya, sekaligus mengenai pemanfaatan dan pengelolaannya. Tanah adalah lapisan yang menyeliputi bumi antara litosfer (batuan yang membentuk kerak bumi) dan atmosfer. Tanah menjadi tempat tumbuh tumbuhan dan mendukung kehidupan hewan dan manusia.
Ilmu tanah dipelajari oleh berbagai bidang ilmu pengetahuan, seperti ilmu-ilmu keteknikan (rekayasa), agronomi/pertanian, kimia, geologi, geografi, ekologi, biologi (termasuk cabang-cabangnya), ilmu sanitasi, arkeologi, dan perencanaan wilayah. Akibat banyaknya pendekatan untuk mengkaji tanah, ilmu tanah bersifat multidisiplin dan memiliki sisi ilmu murni maupun ilmu terapan.
Ilmu tanah dibagi menjadi dua cabang utama: pedologi dan edafologi. Pedologi mempelajari tanah sebagai objek geologi. Edafologi, atau ilmu kesuburan tanah, mempelajari tanah sebagai benda pendukung kehidupan. Keduanya menggunakan alat-alat dan sering kali juga metodologi yang sama dalam mempelajari tanah, sehingga muncul pula disiplin ilmu seperti fisika tanah, kimia tanah, biologi tanah (atau ekologi tanah), serta ilmu konservasi tanah. Karena tanah juga memiliki aspek ketataruangan dan sipil, berkembang pula disiplin seperti mekanika tanah, pemetaan (kartografi), geodesi dan survai tanah, serta pedometrika atau pedostatistika. Penggunaan informatika juga melahirkan beberapa ilmu campuran seperti geomatika.
Tanah berasal dari pelapukan batuan dengan bantuan tanaman dan organisme, membentuk tubuh unik yang menyelaputi lapisan batuan. Proses pembentukan tanah dikenal sebagai pedogenesis. Proses yang unik ini membentuk tanah sebagai tubuh alam yang terdiri atas lapisan-lapisan atau disebut sebagai horizon. Setiap horizon dapat menceritakan mengenai asal dan proses-proses fisika, kimia dan biologi yang telah dilalui tubuh tanah tersebut.
Hans Jenny (1899-1992), seorang pakar tanah asal Swis yang bekerja di Amerika Serikat, dalam bukunya Factors of Soil Formation (1941) mengajukan konsep pembentukan tanah sebagai:
S = f(cl, o, r, p, t).
S adalah Soil (Tanah), cl = climate (iklim), o = organism, r = relief (topografi), p = parent material (bahan induk atau batuan), t = time (waktu).
Selain mempelajari faktor dan proses pembentukan tanah, ilmuwan tanah juga mempelajari sifat-sifat dan proses-proses fisika, kimia dan biologi dalam tanah. Sehingga lahirlah disiplin-disiplin
1. Pedologi
2. Fisika tanah
3. Kimia tanah
4. Biologi tanah
5. Konservasi tanah
6. Mekanika tanah
7. Pemetaan dan survey tanah
8. Pedometrika
Sejarah ilmu tanah di Indonesia
Ilmu tanah di Indonesia Pertama diajarkan di Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Indonesia (merupakan kelanjutan dari Lanbouw Hogeschool yang didirikan 1940) oleh staf pengajar dari Belanda Prof. Dr. Ir. F.A. van Baren (pakar agrogeologi dan mineralogi) dan Prof. Dr. H.J. Hardon (pakar ilmu tanah dan kesuburan tanah). Kemudian digantikan oleh Drs. F.F.F.E. van Rummelen dan Dr. J. van Schuylenborgh. Akibat nasionalisasi, sejak tahun 1957 digantikan oleh Drs. Manus dan Dr. Ir. Tan Kim Hong. Penelitian tanah di Indonesia mulai saat Indonesia masih dalam kekuasaan kolonial Belanda oleh Dr. E.C.Jul. Mohr (1873–1970). Dr. Mohr yang bertugas di Indonesia sebagai kepala Pusat Penelitian Tanah dan Agroklimat Laboratorium Voor Agrogeologie en Grond Onderzoek di Bogor telah menjalankan survai di Indonesia sejak tahun 1920. Ia menerbitkan bukunya tahun 1933:
* Mohr, E.C.J., 1933. De Bodem der Tropen in het Algemeen, en die van Nederlandsch-Indie in het Bijzonder. (Tanah-tanah di Daerah Tropis, dengan rujukan khusus di Hindia Belanda).
Buku tersebut memaparkan iklim dan komposisi tanah di berbagai tempat di Sumatera, Jawa, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Timor, Papua, Maluku, Halmahera, Kalimantan dan Sulawesi, disempurnakan dan diedarkan kembali:
* Mohr, E.J.C., van Baren, F.A. and van Schuylenborgh, J., 1972. Tropical soils: a comprehensive study of their genesis. 3rd edition. Mouton – Ichtiar Baru – van Hoeve, The Hague.
Buku ini masih menjadi rujukan bagi pakar tanah di daerah tropis sampai sekarang.
Tokoh ilmu tanah Indonesia
* Go Ban Hong
* Tan Kim Hong
* Kang Biauw Tjwan
* Tejoyuwono Notohadiprawiro
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