Many engineers develop new products. During the process, they will look at several factors. For example in the development of an industrial robot, engineers specify the functional requirements, design and testing of the robot components, integration of the components to produce the final design, and evaluate the design of the overall effectiveness, cost, reliability and security. This process applies to the development of many different products, such as chemicals, computers, engines, helicopters, and toys.
In addition to its participation in the design and development, many engineers work in testing, production or maintenance. These engineers supervise production in factories, determine the cause of a component failure, and test manufactured products to maintain quality. They also appreciate the time and cost required to complete projects. Supervisory engineers are responsible for major components or entire projects. (See the statement on engineering and natural sciences managers elsewhere in this guide.)
Engineers use computers extensively to produce and analyze designs, simulate and test how a machine, structure, or the system works, generate specifications for parts; to monitor the quality of products and to monitor the efficiency of processes. Nanotechnology, which involves the establishment of high-performance materials and components by integrating atoms and molecules, is the introduction of entirely new principles for the design process.
Most engineers specialize. In the following details of the 17 technical specialties in the Federal Government Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system are covered. Numerous other specialties are recognized by professional societies, and each of the major branches of engineering has numerous subdivisions. Civil engineering, for example, includes structural and traffic engineering and materials engineering includes ceramic, metallurgical, and polymer engineering. Engineers can specialize in one industry, such as cars or in a kind of technology, such as turbines or semiconductor materials.
Aerospace engineers design, test and monitor the production of aircraft and missiles. Those who work with aircraft aerospace engineers called, and those that are specifically with spacecraft astronautical engineers. Aerospace engineers develop new technologies for use in the aerospace, defense and aerospace systems, often specializing in areas such as structural design, guidance, navigation and control, instrumentation and communication, and production methods. You may also be a certain type of aerospace product, such as commercial aircraft, military fighter aircraft, specialized helicopters, spaceships or missiles and rockets, and can be experts in aerodynamics, thermodynamics, celestial mechanics, propulsion, acoustics, or guidance and control systems.
Agricultural engineers bring their knowledge of engineering technology and science to agriculture and the efficient use of biological resources. Accordingly, they are also referred to as biological and agricultural engineers. They design agricultural machinery, equipment, sensors, processes and structures, such as those used for crop storage. Some engineers specialize in areas such as energy systems and machine design, structural and environmental engineering, and food and bioprocess engineering. They develop ways to conserve soil and water and to improve the processing of agricultural products. Agricultural engineers often work in research and development, production, sales or management.
Biomedical engineers develop devices and procedures that solve medical and health problems by their knowledge of biology and medicine with engineering principles and practices. Many do research, develop, together with physicians, and evaluate systems and products such as artificial organs, prostheses (artificial devices to replace missing body parts), instrumentation, medical information systems and health management and care delivery systems. Biomedical engineers may also design devices used in various medical procedures, imaging systems such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and devices for automating insulin injections or controlling body functions. Most engineers in this specialty need a sound background in another engineering specialty, such as mechanical or electronic, in addition to the biomedical training. Some specialties within biomedical engineering, biomaterials, biomechanics, medical imaging, rehabilitation engineering and orthopedic technology.
Chemical engineers apply the principles of chemistry to solve problems associated with the production or use of chemicals and other products. They design equipment and processes for large-scale chemical manufacturing, plan and test methods for manufacturing products and by-products of the treatment and control of production. Chemical engineers also work in a variety of manufacturing industries other than the chemical industry, such as producing energy, electronics, food, clothing and paper. They also work in health, biotechnology and business services. Chemical engineers apply principles of physics, mathematics and mechanical engineering and electrical engineering, and chemistry. Some may specialize in a particular chemical process such as oxidation or polymerization. Others specialize in a specific area, such as nano-materials, or in the development of certain products. You must be aware of all aspects of the production of chemicals and how the manufacturing process impacts on the environment and the safety of workers and consumers.
Civil engineers design and supervise the construction of roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, water supply and sewerage. You have many factors in the design process of the construction costs and expected lifetime of a project, with government regulations and potential environmental hazards such as earthquakes and hurricanes to consider. Civil engineering, considered one of the oldest engineering disciplines, encompasses many specialties. The most important are structural, water resources, construction, transportation and geotechnical engineering. Many civil engineers hold supervisory or administrative body positions, from supervisor of a construction site to city engineer. Others can work in design, construction, research and teaching.
Computer hardware engineers research, design, development, testing and monitoring the production and installation of computer hardware, including computer chips, circuit boards, computer systems and related equipment such as keyboards, routers and printers. (Computer software engineers often simply called computer-design and develop software systems that control computer. These workers treated elsewhere in this guide.) The work of computer hardware engineers is similar to that of electrons, that they built and can test tracks and other devices, but that computer hardware engineers that work only as it relates to computers and computer equipment. Rapid advances in computer technology are largely the result of research, development, design and efforts of these engineers.
Electrical engineers design, develop, test and monitor the production of electrical equipment. Some of this equipment includes electric motors, machinery controls, lighting and wiring in buildings, radar and navigation systems, communication systems and power generation, control and communications equipment used by utilities. Electrical engineers also design the electrical systems of automobiles and airplanes. Although the terms electrical and electronics often used interchangeably in academia and industry, electrical engineers traditionally concentrated on the production and supply of electricity, while electronics engineers have worked on applications of electricity to control systems or signal processing. Electrical engineers specialize in areas such as energy or electrical systems engineering plant.
Electronics Engineers, except computer are responsible for a broad range of technologies, from portable music players to Global Positioning System (GPS) that can continuously provide the location, such as a vehicle. Electronics engineers design, develop, test and monitor the production of electronic devices such as broadcast and communications systems. Many electronics engineers also work in areas closely related to computers. However, engineers whose work exclusively on computer hardware that you are considered computer hardware engineers. Electronics engineer specializing in the areas such as communications, signal processing and control systems or a specialty in one of these areas-control systems or aviation electronics, for example.
Environmental engineers use the principles of biology and chemistry to develop solutions to environmental problems. They are involved in water and air pollution control, recycling, disposal, and public health issues. Environmental engineers conduct hazardous-waste management studies in which they evaluate the significance of the risk, advise on treatment and containment, and develop regulations to prevent mishaps. They design municipal water supply and industrial wastewater treatment research, the environmental impact of planned construction projects, analyze scientific data, and quality control. Environmental engineers are in the local and global environmental issues. Some study and try to minimize the effects of acid rain, global warming, automobile emissions and ozone depletion. You may also be involved in the protection of wild animals. Many environmental problems engineers work as consultants, helping customers deal with regulations, prevent environmental damage and remediation of hazardous sites.
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors, damage to persons or property through the application of their knowledge of systems engineering and mechanical, chemical and human performance principles. With this knowledge, they identify and measure potential hazards, such as the risk of fires or the dangers involved in handling toxic chemicals. Recommend appropriate loss prevention measures according to their probability of damage and potential damage. Health and safety engineers develop procedures and designs to reduce the risk of disease, injury or damage. Some work in manufacturing industry to ensure that the designs of new products do not create unnecessary hazards. You need to anticipate the ability to recognize and evaluate hazardous conditions and the development of emergency planning methods.
Industrial engineers determine the most effective ways to make the basic factors of production-people, machines, materials, information and power to a product or to use a service. Are you have especially with increasing productivity through the management of people, methods of business organization and technology. To maximize efficiency, industrial engineers carefully study product requirements and design through to production and IT systems to meet these requirements by using mathematical methods and models. They develop control systems in the financial planning and cost analysis support, and design production planning and control systems to coordinate and ensure product quality. They also have design or improve systems for the physical distribution of goods and services and the most efficient plant locations. Industrial engineers develop wage and payroll systems and job evaluation programs. Many industrial engineers move into management positions because the work is closely related to the work of managers.
Marine engineers and naval architects in planning, participates in the construction and maintenance of ships, boats and equipment. They design and supervise the construction of aircraft carriers and more on submarines and sail boats, tankers. Naval Architects working on the basic design of ships, including the shape and stability of the hulls. Marine engineers work on the drive, steering and other systems of ships. Marine engineers and shipbuilders apply knowledge from different areas on the entire process by which vessels are designed and produced. Other workers who use or supervise the operation of equipment for marine and other vessels can sometimes be as engineers Marine engineers or, more frequently, ship, but they do different work and covered under water transportation occupations elsewhere in this guide.
Materials engineers are at the development, processing and testing of the materials used to create a series of products, from computer chips and wings to golf clubs or snow skis. They work to meet with metals, ceramics, plastics, semiconductors, composites and new materials, certain mechanical, electrical and chemical requirements. They are also involved in the selection of materials for new applications. Material engineers have the ability to create and then study materials at the atomic level, developed to replicate using advanced methods to the nature of the materials and their components with computers. Most materials engineers specialize in a particular material. For example, metallurgical engineers specialize in metals such as steel, ceramic and engineers develop ceramic materials and method of manufacture into useful products such as glassware or fiber optic communication lines.
Mechanical engineers research, design, development, manufacture and test tools, engines, machines and other mechanical devices. Mechanical engineering is one of the broadest engineering disciplines. Engineers in this discipline work on power-producing machines such as electric generators, combustion engines and steam and gas turbines. Also used when switching from machines such as refrigeration and air conditioning equipment, machine tools, material handling systems, elevators and escalators, industrial production equipment and robots in manufacturing work. Some mechanical engineers design tools that other engineers need for their work. In addition, mechanical engineers work in manufacturing or agricultural production, maintenance, or technical sales, many are administrators or managers.
Mining and Geological Engineers, including mining safety engineers find, extract, and prepare coal, metals and minerals for use by manufacturing industries and utilities. They design open pit and underground mining, monitor the construction of shafts and tunnels in underground mining, and develop methods for transporting minerals to processing plants. Mining engineers are responsible for the safe, economical and environmentally sound operation of mines. Some mining engineers work with geologists and metallurgical engineers to locate and evaluate new ore deposits. Others develop new mining equipment or direct mineral processing operations that separate minerals from the dirt, stone and other materials with which they are mixed. Mining engineers frequently specialize in the production of a mineral or metal, such as coal or gold. Focusing on the protection of the environment, many mining engineers are working to solve problems related to reclamation and water and air pollution to land. Mining safety engineers and their knowledge of mine design practices to ensure the safety of workers and to comply with state and federal safety regulations. They examine the surfaces of walls and roofs, monitor air quality, and examine mining equipment for compliance with safety regulations.
Nuclear engineers research and develop the processes, instruments and systems used to derive benefits from nuclear energy and radiation protection. They design, develop, supervise and operate nuclear power plants to generate electricity. You can work on the nuclear fuel cycle production, handling and use of produced nuclear fuel and the safe disposal of waste through the production of nuclear energy or the development of fusion energy. Some specialize in the development of nuclear power sources for naval vessels or spacecraft, and other related industrial and medical uses for radioactive materials, such as in devices for the diagnosis and treatment of medical problems.
Petroleum Engineers design methods for the extraction of oil and gas from reservoirs beneath the earth. Once these resources have been discovered, geologists and petroleum engineers work with other specialists to understand the geologic formation and properties of the rock, the reservoir, to determine the drilling method to be used, and monitor drilling and production. They design equipment and processes to achieve the maximum profitable recovery of oil and gas. Since only a small proportion of oil and gas flows in a container under natural forces, engineers develop oil and force the use of various enhanced recovery methods, including injecting water, chemicals, gases or steam into an oil reservoir over the oil and this computer controlled drilling or fracturing to a larger area of a reservoir to a single, to come good. For even the best techniques in use today is just another part of the oil and gas in a reservoir, petroleum engineers research and technologies and methods to develop the use of these resources and reduce the development cost of drilling and production.
Work environment. Most engineers work in office buildings, laboratories or industrial plants. Others can time outdoors at construction sites and oil and gas exploration and production, where they monitor or direct operations or spend to solve local problems. Some engineers travel extensively to plants or construction sites and abroad.
Many engineers work a standard 40-hour week. In addition to times, dates or design standards under pressure to take a job that requires engineers to work longer.
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