The Tallest Buildings in the World

When speaking of the tallest buildings in the world, it is imp

ortant to specify exactly what is being measured.Listers must decide if the building is to be measured from sidewalk level or below, whether or not TV towers or masts are included, and whether an antenna, flagpole, or spire should count.A building is considered to differ from a tower in its primary use, being designed for residential, business, manufacturing, or mixed use,

whereas a tower is not.

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, formerly the Joint Committee on Tall Buildings in conjunction with Emporis Buildings,is the authoritative source for information about the tallest buildings in the world, and their list of the tallest buildings, drawn from an extensive database, is based on the height of the building to the structural or architectural top, which includes spires and pinnacles, but does not include antennas, masts, or flagpoles.Prior to 9/11, the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, New York were ranked fifth - 1,368 ft (417 m) – and sixth – 1,362 ft (415 m) – on the list of the tallest buildings in the world.

The height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance. At the time, the Willis Tower held first place in the second and third categories, the Petronas Towers held the first category and the original World Trade Towers held the fourth. Within months, however, a new antenna mast was placed on the Willis Tower, giving it hold of the fourth category. On April 20, 2004, Taipei 101 in Taipei, Taiwan, was completed. Its completion gave it the world record for the first three categories. On July 21, 2007 it was announced that Burj Khalifa had surpassed Taipei 101 in height, reaching 512 m (1,680 ft).

Since being completed in early 2010, Burj Khalifa leads in all categories (the first building to do so). With a spire height of 828 m (2,717 ft), Burj Khalifa surpassed Taipei 101 as the tallest building to architectural detail and the Willis Tower as the tallest building to tip. It also leads in the category of highest occupied floor.

Before Burj Khalifa was completed, Willis Tower led in the fourth category with 527 m (1,729 ft), previously held by the World Trade Center until the extension of the Chicago tower's western broadcast antenna in 2000, over a year prior to the World Trade Center's destruction in 2001. Its antenna mast included, One World Trade Center measured 526 m (1,726 ft). The World Trade Center became the world's tallest buildings to be destroyed or demolished; indeed, its site entered the record books twice on September 11, 2001, in that category, replacing the Singer Building, which once stood a block from the WTC site.

Structures such as the CN Tower, the Ostankino Tower and the Oriental Pearl Tower are excluded from these categories because they are not "habitable buildings", which are defined as frame structures made with floors and walls throughout.

Tourism Land Turkey

I am in Europe soon with ERASMUS(Internship )

Europe Europe!! you are my dream.This dream is coming true with Erasmus. I dont know, you know Erasmus but it means alot for me. I can go Europe for this summer with Erasmus. Tomorrow ,I will give my application form to the coordinator.


I am an Electrical Engineering student from Turkey.And in Turkey There is large population of engineers. So I thought one year ago I must be different ,so I heard this difference can be with Erasmus and I entered an Erasmus language exam .I have 80 points with exam (%45) and with my GPA(3,55)(%55) . The internship of Erasmus is a little bit diffucult you have to be very very succesful.I think I did it and I will win the Erasmus internship. But I coludnt find any company/university for internship until 2 months ago.I found some places but I am still looking for other companies but I believe I will find the best..I suggest all to you ERASMUS..


It is looking awesome,and I wanted to share my joy with you..

If you help about Erasmus internship company please leave a comment.. :)

Maybe I can help.

Ethanol Production Industry

Do you know who is the largest ethanol producer in the world? America? Some country in Europe? South Africa? It actually depends on the geographical area that you are speaking about. Let's check out who they are...

Largest ethanol producer in the world

Brazil is currently the world's leader in ethanol production. Because of government subsidies, large sugarcane crops, and high sales taxes on gasoline, Brazil has built a profitable national ethanol industry. Sugarcane is grown in the country as the climate presents perfect conditions for its cultivation and production. It converts very easily to ethanol, and provides Brazil with huge supplies of ethanol.

Largest producer of ethanol in the U.S.

The largest producer of ethanol in the U.S. is a company that many of us have probably never heard of. The company is Archer Daniels Midland. ADM is a company that is an agricultural giant in the United States, and has decades of experience. They have a vast network of railcars, trucks, storage facilities, and barges that are capable of delivering high-grade ethanol.

Hmmm... there are actually more to discuss and more to share about the Ethanol Producers. It's tough to share all those technical, economical and other related information about ethanol producers in a short blog post like this. To have a clearer and precise information sharing on ethanol business, I would like to recommend Ethanol Producer magazine.

The magazine is known throughout the ethanol industry for its authoritative plant construction lists, compelling profiles and engaging features on production, research, science, technology, equipment, environmental and safety compliance, marketing, policy and industry events. Most importantly it is free... Yep..no cost at all. However, I'm sorry to say only those in US, Canada and Mexico is eligible to request for it.

To get the Ethanol Producer magazine, click here.

Solar Energy Systems For Your Home

Recently, I've very interested in finding practical ways to solar energy in our home. I am yet to explore and learn all available options. I have read about it with copper sheet as a substitute for photovoltaic components, but the efficiency is very low. So, the question now is ...

Is it really possible to build solar panels for your home and how can you do about it? Sunlight and the energy of the sun is a great source of free energy that is the driving force behind all life around us. But we humans have ignored despite its potential foolish to offer many environmental and cost saving benefits. I want more discussion on solar energy and its applications are at home in this article.



1. Solar energy is practical for home?

This large source of power is to have to use solar energy is used by many households, the home-made Power Systems built. These systems can range from small thermal devices, built huge solar panels on roofs area. It is perhaps the cleanest source of energy in power generation other than wind.
2. What are the environmental benefits of using solar energy systems?

Traditional methods of burning fossil fuels contribute significantly to the changing global warming and other forms of freak weather. For example, production plants and factories killed huge amounts of carbon emissions, many living things on earth right now. deteriorate with solar energy for electricity generation not the effects of global warming, as there are no greenhouse gas byproducts such as carbon monoxide are produced.


3. Other advantages of building solar energy systems for your home page

Most people are more concerned about cost savings. This is exactly what you can do renewable solar energy systems to you, because the sunlight is free, unlike oil, gas and coal, which are very expensive. Moreover, it is unlimited in nature and will never run out of supply.

4. What are some common use of solar energy at home?

They can be used especially to make homemade electricity and for heating purposes. These are the two most common uses of solar energy at home. Other less common applications are distillation and disinfection of water and smelting, etc.

Find Solar Energy Systems to build house? Feel free to download the Best Step-By-Step Guide to Home Energy renewableenergysystemreview.com.

The author has managed to reduce its electricity bill by more than 80% of building his own home renewable energy system. On his website before, to find out how!

You can too. I try my own version of solar energy at home, but of course the progress in my own pace (because of my work and family commitment).
-------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------
If you are interested to learn a little more about the benefits and energy (including solar energy), then "energybiz" is the perfect magazine. It's all free and all you have to do is to register only to receive the magazine.



energybiz is a business magazine for a new generation of power industry leaders. For 10 years Energy Central has been delivering daily news on the electric power industry. In 2004 we assembled a team of award winning editors and journalists, a magazine with fresh reporting, analysis and a new perspective on this 100-year-old industry to start. Within the first year of publishing, energybiz won a prestigious Eddie Award for fulfilling its task of our readers with the insider information, trends and insights, using them to improve their businesses and careers.

The difference between butter and margarine?

Margarine was originally manufactured to fatten turkeys. When it killed the turkeys,
people, all of money into the research wanted a refund so that they
put their heads together to figure out what to do with the product for their money
back. It was a white substance with no food appeal so they added the yellow coloring
and sold it to people to use instead of butter. How do you like it? They have come from
with some clever new flavorings.


DO YOU KNOW .. the difference between butter and margarine?

Continue reading to the end ... is very interesting!

Both have the same amount of calories.

Butter is slightly higher in saturated fats at 8 grams compared to 5 grams

Eating margarine can eat heart disease in women by 53% over
the same amount of butter, according to a recent study from Harvard Medical.

Eating butter increases the absorption of nutrients in many other foods.

Butter has many nutritional benefits where margarine has a few only because
they are added!

Butter tastes much better than margarine and it can enhance the flavors
other foods.

Butter has been around for centuries where margarine has been around since
less than 100 years.

And now, for Margarine ..

Very high in trans fatty acids.

Triple risk of coronary heart disease.

Increases total cholesterol and LDL (the bad cholesterol) and lowers
HDL cholesterol (the good cholesterol)

Increases the risk of cancers up to five times.

Lowers quality of breast milk.

Decreases immune response.

Decreases insulin response.

And here is the disturbing fact .... HERE is the part that IS
Very interesting!

Margarine is one molecule away from PLASTIC.

This fact alone was enough to prevent me margarine for life and
everything else, what this means hydrogen is added hydrogenated, modified
the molecular structure of the substance).

You can try this yourself:

Purchase a tub of margarine and leave it in your garage or shade.
Within a few days you will note a few things:

* No flies, not even those pesky fruit flies will go wrong (which should
Tell you something)

* You do not rot or smell differently because it has no nutritional value;
nothing to grow their pants Event Teeny Weeny microorganisms
not to grow their own homeland. Why? Because it is nearly plastic. Would
You melt your Tupperware and spread that on your toast?

Electrical,Electronics Engineering Animations

In Engineering universities teoritical informations can not use in practical world exactly,almost everything is different.The important reason of this is that people do not have financial opportunities to have a practical learning especially in developing countries like Turkey.






So Here we share with you animations about Electrical-Electronics engineering,beginning with circuit to the alarm systems of cars..You can find alot of animations.
If you want to download please Click.

Nissan’s electric Leaf could come to SA in 2012, but would require govt incentives

The Nissan Leaf electric vehicle could possibly come to South Africa in 2012, says Nissan South Africa MD Mike Whitfield.

However, he adds that the local arm of the Japanese company does not want to bring the passenger car to the market “at a massive premium to a petrol car”.

This means that the South African government may have to incentivise the use of zero-emission electric vehicles, similar to what has been the case in other parts of the world. In California, for example, electric vehicles receive an incentive of between $7 000 to $8 000 a car, as they are still much more expensive than a standard petrol or diesel vehicle of comparable size.

Whitfield says that it is important to also bring the Leaf to South Africa as the country “needs to at least participate in the rolling out of electric vehicles. We cannot simply be left behind”.

He says that Nissan is currently in talks with government on incentives that could possibly be introduced to aid the Leaf’s roll-out in South Africa, such as lower import duties, or lower company car tax on electric vehicles.

“These are things we consider as possibilities. If we can get comparable costs to that of a petrol car, we can maybe sell 5 000 Leafs in South Africa over a five-year period.”

Whitfield says that government is required to create the regulatory framework for the introduction of electric vehicles, while implementing charging infrastructure is a business opportunity available to anyone.

It is estimated that between 10% and 20% of all new passenger cars sold worldwide in 2020 will be electric vehicles.

The Leaf was already crowned as the 2011 European Car of the Year in November.

The world’s first mass-marketed, affordable, zero-emission vehicle for the global market had to beat 40 contenders to win this accolade.

The jury included 57 motoring journalists from 23 European countries.

What makes the accolade rather amazing is that European deliveries of the vehicle will only start in early 2011 to Portugal, Ireland, the UK and the Netherlands. Deliveries in Japan and the US begin this month.

The Leaf is currently being built in Japan, but will also be produced in North America and Europe when new manufacturing facilities open in late 2012 and early 2013.

“The jury acknowledged today that the Nissan Leaf is a breakthrough for electric cars. Nissan Leaf is the first electric vehicle that can match conventional cars in many respects,” said Car of the Year jury president Håkan Matson.

The Leaf is powered by a compact electric motor in the front of the car, which drives the front wheels. The motor develops 80 kW of power and 280 Nm of torque, enough for a maximum speed of 145 km/h. The electric motor is powered by a Nissan-developed laminated lithium-ion battery with an output of more than 90 kW.

The car has a range of 175 km between charges.


Nissan has three other electric vehicles in the pipeline.

SOURCE:http://www.engineeringnews.co.za
Edited by: Creamer Media Reporter

Renewable Energy Benefits

As gas and heating at home prices are likely in the coming years, increasing, it is exploring really a logical choice for renewable energy is not just about money that would otherwise be spent on huge energy costs, but also for our environment that save with strong fossil fuels. Realize this day, more and more people that our over-dependence on fossil fuels causes us many problems, not only because fossil fuels will eventually run out, but also because of the general health of our planet.

If we believe some estimates, our supply of oil to run out in just over 30 years and natural gas will be exhausted in little more than 50 years. As you can see it really should seek urgent to renewable energy sources so that we may have the solution in time to dry out if our current energy sources.

But what is renewable energy?

Renewable energy is energy that does not come from a source that does not harm the environment or the degradation of our natural resources such as fossil fuels. Wind power and solar energy are the two most popular examples of renewable energy. Wind energy and solar energy are not the only alternatives to fossil fuels is also biofuels, geothermal, wave and tidal power plants and nuclear power, although can not some of them so desirable ecological point of view, since they harm to our environment makes it even more polluted than it now.


It is also here to tell the difference between renewable and alternative energy sources needed.

While many use these two terms as were all the same, there is actually a significant difference between renewable energy and alternative energy. Technically, renewable energy form of "clean energy" - energy, provided by the natural solutions that are always present in nature such as solar, tidal, wind, geothermal and wave energy. Alternative energy is on the other hand, may include an alternative to fossil fuels and the bio-fuels and nuclear energy.

We are still heavily dependent on fossil fuels, and this is a matter of serious pollution, which is currently happening on our planet. Our entire industry has been our whole life would have been built around fossil fuels and fossil fuel-free world is not capable of their energy needs, which would be enough to cause any problems. For this reason we are so much dependent on fossil fuels. Renewable energy is not something that is only a few years old, in fact, renewable energy has been around for over a hundred years ago, but it's still a lot of cheap fossil fuels, and of course there are powerful fossil fuel lobby groups who want to maintain their dominant position, renewable energies very little room for further development. The only real chances for renewable energies is current ecological state of our planet that needs a quick solution, and many agreed that solution can only be in much greater use of renewable energies in the coming years.


We definitely need more stimulus by governments around the world to conduct research and produce renewable energy products to see how little has happened in recent years are, except perhaps in Germany, Spain and some Scandinavian countries. Many believe that change is only a matter of time that renewable energy and is sure to dominate global energy sector in the coming years, but it is very interesting to see what fossil fuel lobbies would say so. Change would of course be more than welcome, both from an energy and environmental point of view, but to say the truth, renewable energy is still in its early phase, which means it would take at least several decades before it would be more strong enough to compete with fossil fuels , especially in the world's biggest polluting countries, USA and China.

There is also another reason why fossil fuels have been a little more attractive over the years. Energy from renewable sources can not be stored, how can we save fossil fuels at such as gas and oil. If you are using solar energy to power at home, and you have several days with no sun, you may end up without electricity. The same applies to wind energy - what do you do when there is no windy days, then how do you get energy? to science has not given us to answer this question, and there are many questions to answer before renewable energy is a dominant position at the global level.

Regardless of this error, there are many companies now looking at renewable energy and make the search path to renewable energy as efficiently as possible, reliable and economically viable. Future is definitely on renewable energy, renewable energy revolution, but what exactly will happen nobody knows. The sooner the better, not only to growing global energy needs, but also to protect our environment and our planet from further pollution.

There were many positive examples of the use of renewable energies over the world, and we should in any case they are building the renewable energies prominent place in the coming years, guaranteed.

Wind energy sector

Wind energy is not something new, and how many of you probably know that the use of wind energy (wind mills) has a long history of use of it. If we take the data for the United States in 2008, we are pleased to see that 22 states have come away with the plans for the installation of 1,650 wind mills in the United States. Current estimates say that until 2014, wind power industry to rapidly increase their growth expected to expand with today's approximately 6,500 megawatt hours by more than 28,000 megawatt hours in five years. Wind energy industry is currently an annual market of $ 3000000000. It is expected that this amount will more than double over the next two years because of many new wind energy projects that will start soon, will be built over the entire United States. This is clearly give you an idea of how wind energy has developed over the years.





Many energy experts see good future for offshore wind mills. Offshore windmills are now more and more dominant in the wind energy industry and the coming years should ensure their complete dominance in the field of wind energy. Why offshore wind energy projects are always so popular? The main reason for this that oceans so more experience on the wind a blow to the country, and the stronger the wind the more electricity we can produce. A lot of work and constant development in the installation of windmills at sea platforms have the wind energy is much more efficient and what is also important, more transferable. Wind energy projects are now in megawatt capacity compared to energy projects in the past were only capable of generating wind measured in kilowatts.

The more spin the wind the turbines quickly, and offshore turbines therefore spin much faster compared to those in the countryside and in particular they are much more reliable because they compare much more stable to land plants installed by constant winds that impact on oceans. As the wind energy industry experience ever, the growth of this would also mean great things for the economy because these extension energy sector jobs guaranteed for many people, so wind energy could also be used at least partially secure jobs for the people who lost their jobs in recession. The wind industry is expected to achieve significant growth in the near future, the manufacturing and engineering, environmental management, consulting, marketing and determinants include wind energy. All these should help thousands of new jobs and Boos U.S. economy even further.


Wind Energy:
1. Wind energy development (current)
2. As the wind energy works to generate electricity? (More)
3. Wind Power Cost
4. Conclusion

General energy facts

Energy is the ability to do work. It comes in various forms of thermal (heat), radiant (light), mechanical, electrical, chemical and nuclear energy. Energy is in everything.

Internationally recognized unit of measurement for energy is the SI unit of energy, the joule. Power is the rate used to transmit the energy and it is usually measured in watts.


Energy is used most commonly associated with energy resources, their development, consumption, consumption and conservation. Since economic activities such as manufacturing, transport, energy intensive, energy efficiency, energy dependence, energy security and price may be, are central concerns.

Renewable energy sources are solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, hydropower, bioenergy (bioethanol, biodiesel), ocean (tidal, wave, ocean thermal energy conversion OTEC). Renewable energy sources are often labeled as a sustainable energy sources.

Non-renewable energy sources, fossil fuels (oil, coal, natural gas) and nuclear energy. Fossil fuels are the most important energy source in the world today. Non-renewable energies are often labeled as non-sustainable energy sources.

Burst of energy. Time-lapse photography captures multiple cloud-to-ground lightning during a nighttime thunderstorm.

We use energy to want to do what we, from, to bake a jump shot our favorite cookies to sending astronauts into space - energy is there, so we have the power to do anything.

Food is stored energy. It is as a chemical stored potential energy. If your body uses the stored energy to do the work, there is kinetic energy.

Matter can be converted into energy, and energy into matter. One of the great insight of Einstein was to realize that matter and energy are really different forms of the same. The deep connection Einstein discovered between energy and mass is expressed in the equation E = mc2. Here E represents energy, m mass, and C2 is a very large number, the square of the speed of light.

Scientists from Columbia University, New York, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California have shown that more energy cast by the sun than is radiated back into space, the earth energy "out of balance" and absorb the warming of the earth.

In physics, the law of conservation of energy states that the total amount of energy in any isolated system remains constant, but can not be rebuilt, although it may change forms.

According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can neither created (produced) are still self-destructed. It can only be transformed. So, if one measures the total energy of a system of particles whose interactions are not explicitly depend on time, it is noted that the total energy of the system always remains constant.

In physics and technology, energy transformation or energy conversion, any process of converting one form of energy to the other. Normally we have to transform unusable energy into usable with a variety of machines (cars, heaters, ...).

Photovoltaic cells are an easy way to get electricity. Solar energy is a sustainable and clean energy source.

Sustainable energy is the provision of energy that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable Energy has two key components: renewable energy and energy efficiency. With some other definition, sustainable energy energy renewable within a human life and does not cause long term damage to the environment.

Alternative energy is usually defined as from sources that do not deplete the natural resources or harm the environment. Typical examples of alternative energy sources are wind and solar energy.

Annual fossil fuel power plants convert between 36% and 48% of the fuel into electricity, the rest is lost as waste heat.

Energy storage is the storing of some form of energy that can be drawn at a later time to perform some useful operation. A device that stores energy is sometimes called an accumulator. Hydropower dams are a type of energy storage. The batteries are energy storage.

In physical cosmology, dark energy is a hypothetical exotic form of energy that permeates the entire space and tends to increase the rate of expansion of the universe.

Security of energy supply is therefore important for the functioning of modern economies. For this reason, almost all wars in the last 20 years or so mostly wars for control of energy sources (direct energy source, the control of energy transport routes, control of energy-rich countries ...).